Attiah, Karen. “Woodrow Wilson and Cecil Rhodes Must Fall.” The Washington Post, November 25, 2015. (Gift Link, no paywall)

Cohen, Richard. “Woodrow Wilson Was Racist, but He Deserves Our Understanding.” The Washington Post, November 23, 2015. (Gift Link, no paywall)

The Washington Post. “Princeton Protesters Occupy President’s Office, Demand ‘Racist’ Woodrow Wilson’s Name Be Removed.” November 18, 2015. (Gift Link, no paywall)

Densho Digital Repository. “Newspaper Articles on Japanese ‘Threat’ in Early 1900s.” https://ddr.densho.org/browse/topics/185/?page=1

U.S. Department of State. Minutes at the Plenary Session of the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv03/d7

Wilson, Woodrow. “Address to Congress, 1918.” Great War Primary Documents Archive. http://www.gwpda.org/1918/wilpeace.html

NPR – Code Switch. “The Treaty of Versailles and Its Rejection of Racial Equality.” August 11, 2019. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/08/11/742293305/a-century-later-the-treaty-of-versailles-and-its-rejection-of-racial-equality

Japan Review. The Centennial Anniversary of Japan’s Racial Equality Proposal: Remaking the International Order after World War I. Japan Review, ISSN 2433-4456. https://www.jiia-jic.jp/en/japanreview/pdf/JapanReview_Vol3No3-4.pdf

Georgetown Law – IIEL. “Echoes of the Past: The Impact of Japanese Colonialism on Commercial Diplomacy in East Asia.” Institute of International Economic Law (IIEL) Blog, https://www.law.georgetown.edu/iiel/research/publication-opportunities/iiel-blog/echoes-of-the-past/

Jake Adelstein, “Japanese First and the Race to the League of Nations,” Tokyo Paladin (Substack), accessed July 15, 2025, https://tokyopaladin.substack.com/p/japanese-first-and-the-race-to-the.

W.E.B. Du Bois, “Open Letter to Woodrow Wilson,” Slavery in the North, Princeton University, accessed July 15, 2025, https://slavery.princeton.edu/sources/w-e-b-duboiss-open-letter-to-woodrow-wilson.

Reginald Kearney, The Pro-Japanese Utterances of W.E.B. Du Bois (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Amherst, ScholarWorks), https://scholarworks.umass.edu/entities/publication/c3958063-a338-4f06-9bb1-84bbe7fad9a4.

Seok‑Won Lee, “The Paradox of Racial Liberation: W. E. B. Du Bois and Pan‑Asianism in Wartime Japan, 1931–1945,” Inter‑Asia Cultural Studies 16, no. 4 (October 2015): 513–530, https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2015.1103012.

Du Bois, W. E. B. 1923. The Negro and the League of Nations. New York: NAACP.

Du Bois, W. E. B. 1947. The World and Africa. New York: Viking Press.

Lake, Marilyn, and Henry Reynolds. “Racial Equality? The Paris Peace Conference of 1919.” Past & Present 203, no. 1 (2009): 175–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtp015.